Monga tikudziwira, pali miyeso yambiri yaukadaulo yoyezera magulu azitsulo zamagetsi komanso momwe amalimbana ndi kupewa zinthu zina.Mavoti a NEMA ndi ma IP ndi njira ziwiri zosiyana zofotokozera madigiri a chitetezo ku zinthu monga madzi ndi fumbi, ngakhale amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana poyesa ndi magawo kuti afotokoze mitundu yawo yotchinga.Onsewa ndi ofanana miyeso, koma akadali ndi zosiyana.
Lingaliro la NEMA likutanthauza bungwe la National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) lomwe ndi bungwe lalikulu kwambiri lazamalonda la opanga zida zamagetsi ku Washington DC, United States.Imasindikiza kupitilira miyezo ya 700, maupangiri, ndi mapepala aukadaulo.Marjory of standards ndi omwe amatsekera magetsi, ma motors ndi maginito waya, ma plug a AC, ndi zotengera.Kuphatikiza apo, zolumikizira za NEMA sizongopezeka ku North America kokha komanso zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mayiko ena.Mfundo ndi yakuti NEMA ndi bungwe lomwe siligwirizana ndi kuvomereza ndi kutsimikizira malonda.Mavoti a NEMA akuwonetsa kuthekera kokhazikika kwa malo otetezedwa kuti athe kupirira zinthu zina zachilengedwe kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo, kugwirizana, ndi magwiridwe antchito azinthu zamagetsi.Mavotiwo ndi achilendo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zam'manja ndipo amangogwiritsidwa ntchito pazotsekera zokhazikika.Mwachitsanzo, mavoti a NEMA angayikidwe pabokosi lamagetsi lokhazikika panja, kapena mpanda wokhazikika womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyika polowera opanda zingwe.Malo ambiri otchingidwa adavoteledwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito kunja amakhala ndi mlingo wa NEMA 4.Miyezo imachokera ku NEMA 1 kufika ku NEMA 13. Mavoti a NEMA (Zowonjezera I) ali ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana kuti zigwirizane ndi chitetezo ku ayezi wakunja, zipangizo zowononga, kumizidwa ndi mafuta, fumbi, madzi, ndi zina zotero. Zofunikira zoyesazi sizigwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri zipangizo zam'manja poyerekeza ndi zokhazikika.
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) ndi bungwe lapadziko lonse lapansi lomwe limakonza ndikusindikiza miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi yaukadaulo wamagetsi, zamagetsi, ndi zofananira.Miyezo ya IEC imaphatikizapo umisiri wambiri kuchokera kumagetsi opangira magetsi, kutumiza, ndikuthandizira ku zida zamaofesi ndi zida zapanyumba, zida zopangira ma semiconductors, mabatire, ndi mphamvu yadzuwa, ndi zina zambiri. zigawo zimagwirizana ndi miyezo yake yapadziko lonse lapansi.Imodzi mwamiyezo yothandiza yotchedwa Ingress Protection (IP) Code imatanthauzidwa ndi IEC standard 60529 yomwe imayika ndikuyesa kuchuluka kwa chitetezo choperekedwa ndi ma casing amakina ndi mpanda wamagetsi kuti asalowe, fumbi, kukhudza mwangozi, ndi madzi.Zimakhala ndi manambala awiri.Nambala yoyamba ikuwonetsa mulingo wachitetezo womwe mpanda umapereka kuti musalowe kumadera owopsa monga magawo osuntha, ndi masiwichi.Komanso, kupezeka kwa zinthu zolimba kudzawonetsedwa ngati mulingo kuchokera ku 0 mpaka 6. Nambala yachiwiri ikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa chitetezo chomwe mpanda umapereka motsutsana ndi kulowa koyipa kwa madzi komwe kungatsimikizidwe ndi mulingo kuyambira 0 mpaka 8. Ngati pali palibe chofunikira kuti chifotokozedwe m'mbali zonse izi, chilembo X chingalowe m'malo ndi nambala yofananira.
Kutengera zomwe zili pamwambapa, tikudziwa kuti NEMA ndi IP ndi miyeso iwiri yachitetezo champanda.Kusiyanitsa pakati pa mavoti a NEMA ndi ma IP omwe akale amaphatikiza chitetezo cha ayezi wakunja, zida zowononga, kumizidwa kwamafuta, fumbi, ndi madzi, pomwe zomalizazi zimangophatikiza chitetezo cha fumbi ndi madzi.Zimatanthawuza kuti NEMA imaphimba miyezo yowonjezereka yotetezera monga zida zowonongeka ku IP.Mwa kuyankhula kwina, palibe kutembenuka kwachindunji pakati pawo.Miyezo ya NEMA yakhutitsidwa kapena kupitilira ma IP.Kumbali ina, kuvotera kwa IP sikukwaniritsa miyezo ya NEMA, popeza NEMA imaphatikizanso zinthu zina ndi mayeso omwe samaperekedwa ndi IP rating system.Pa gawo la ntchitoyo, NEMA imaperekedwa kuzinthu zamafakitale ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito ku North America, pomwe ma IP atha kuyika mapulogalamu ambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
Mwachidule, pali kulumikizana pakati pa mavoti a NEMA ndi ma IP.Komabe, izi ndizokhudza fumbi ndi madzi.Ngakhale kuti n'zotheka kuyerekezera mayesero awiriwa, kufananitsako kumangogwirizana ndi chitetezo choperekedwa ku fumbi ndi chinyezi.Ena opanga zida zam'manja aziphatikiza mavoti a NEMA m'mawu awo, ndipo ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa momwe mafotokozedwe a NEMA amalumikizirana ndi ma IP ake.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-27-2022